Madiha Afzal is a Research Fellow at CERP. She is the David M. Rubenstein Fellow in the Foreign Policy program at the Brookings Institution in Washington, DC. Her research lies at the intersection of political economy, development, and security, with a focus on Pakistan. She previously worked as an assistant professor of public policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. Dr Madiha is the author of “Pakistan Under Siege: Extremism, Society, and the State,” published by the Brookings Institution Press in 2018. She has also published several journal articles, book chapters, policy reports, and essays. In addition, she writes regularly for publications including Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, the Washington Post, Lawfare, and Dawn. She has consulted for international organizations including the World Bank and UK’s Department for International Development. For her writing on education in Pakistan, she was included in Lo Spazio della Politica’s list of “Top 100 Global Thinkers of 2013.” Dr Madiha received her doctorate in economics from Yale University in 2008, specializing in development economics and political economy.